Grafana 入门指南

2024-09-14

本指南展示了如何安装、配置、启动 Grafana，及简单使用说明。

下载 Grafana

请根据当前的操作系统，到 Grafana 官网下载安装包，并执行安装。

下载地址：https://grafana.com/grafana/download
根据自己情况选择版本号(Version)、版本类型(Edition)、对应操作系统版本

本文以阿里云ECS(Alibaba Cloud Linux)为例，Grafana下载选项设置为 Version：11.2.0，Edition：OSS，下载并解压

wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-11.2.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf grafana-11.2.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

查询操作系统版本并下载Grafana
解压Grafana压缩文件
查看解压文件目录

配置 Grafana

检查并根据自己需要修改Grafana配置，Grafana配置文件名defaults.ini

cd /root/grafana-v11.2.0/conf
ls
cat defaults.ini

常用配置说明:

[database] 数据库相关配置，默认是sqlite3，可以根据自己需要修改为MySQL数据库。

[database]
# You can configure the database connection by specifying type, host, name, user and password
# as separate properties or as on string using the url property.

# Either "mysql", "postgres" or "sqlite3", it's your choice
type = sqlite3
host = 127.0.0.1:3306
name = grafana
user = root

[server] 服务启动相关参数，如端口号、域名等。

[server]
# Protocol (http, https, h2, socket)
protocol = http

# Minimum TLS version allowed. By default, this value is empty. Accepted values are: TLS1.2, TLS1.3. If nothing is set TLS1.2 would be taken
min_tls_version = ""

# The ip address to bind to, empty will bind to all interfaces
http_addr =

# The http port to use
http_port = 3000

# The public facing domain name used to access grafana from a browser
domain = localhost


# The full public facing url
root_url = %(protocol)s://%(domain)s:%(http_port)s/

[paths] 启动文件加载目录，如日志路径、插件加载路径等。

[paths]
# Path to where grafana can store temp files, sessions, and the sqlite3 db (if that is used)
data = data

# Temporary files in `data` directory older than given duration will be removed
temp_data_lifetime = 24h

# Directory where grafana can store logs
logs = data/log

# Directory where grafana will automatically scan and look for plugins
plugins = data/plugins

# folder that contains provisioning config files that grafana will apply on startup and while running.
provisioning = conf/provisioning

[security] 安全相关配置，如管理员账号、密码等。

[security]
# disable creation of admin user on first start of grafana
disable_initial_admin_creation = false

# default admin user, created on startup
admin_user = admin

# default admin password, can be changed before first start of grafana, or in profile settings
admin_password = admin

# default admin email, created on startup
admin_email = admin@localhost

[users] 用户相关配置，如默认语言、默认页面样式、默认主页、登录会话超时时间等设置。

[users]

# Default UI theme ("dark" or "light" or "system")
default_theme = dark

# Default UI language (supported IETF language tag, such as en-US)
default_language = en-US

# Path to a custom home page. Users are only redirected to this if the default home dashboard is used. It should match a frontend route and contain a leading slash.
home_page =

启动 Grafana

进入bin目录执行启动命令，启动Grafana

cd /root/grafana-v11.2.0/bin
ls
./grafana-server

看到如下日志则表示Grafana启动成功

管理 Grafana

登录Grafana：

在浏览器输入http://你的ECS_IP:3000 进入Grafana登录页面。输入账号及密码登录Grafana 。

默认账号:admin 密码:admin

登录Grafana后，接下来可以进行Grafana的基本功能管理。

管理账号：

在菜单Home > Administration > Users and access 中点击New user 添加用户，并根据需要授予不同权限Admin、Editor、Viewer 。

创建数据源：

在菜单Home > Connections > Add new connection 中找到自己需要的数据类型,在详情页点击Add new data source 进行添加，此处以Prometheus 为例。

- 填写URL并保存

Explore探索数据：

在菜单Home > Explore 中找到上一步创建的Prometheus数据源，填写查询语句后点击Run Query 执行即可看到数据。

创建Dashboard：

在菜单Home > Dashboard 中点击Create dashboard创建Dashboard，再点击Add visualization添加视图并选择上一步创建的Prometheus数据源，填写查询语句后点击Run Querys 执行即可看到数据。最后点击Save按钮保存配置。